The muscles of the abdominal wall are important in expiration and their contraction has a significant effect on the lung volume. The movement of the ribs, which depends on their insertions into the sternum and into the vertebral column, is determined by the contraction of the parasternal muscles and the scalene muscles, which insert into the 1st to 6th ribs, and also by the costal portion of the diaphragm, which inserts into the sternum and into the 7th to 12th ribs. The decrease in P pl determines the expansion of the lungs and the increase in abdominal pressure, which is transmitted to the lower part of the chest wall via the apposition zone, which in turn makes the lower ribs expand. This contraction thereby lowers pleural pressure (P pl) and raises intra-abdominal pressure. During inspiration, the fibers of the diaphragm shorten and thus impart a caudal piston-like movement. During normal respiration, a contact point or "zone of apposition" is established between the lateral part of the base of this diaphragmatic dome and the internal surface of the lower ribs. The diaphragm forms a domelike muscular-tendinous partition which is displaced some 9.5 cm on average during tidal volume generation and which affects the chest wall by changes caused in abdominal and pleural pressures. The movements of the chest wall depend on a complex interaction among these components. The chest wall is configured by the rib cage, the spinal column, and the diaphragm. The structure and function of the chest wall
![muscles of inspiration muscles of inspiration](https://i.pinimg.com/736x/88/66/ae/8866ae1cf8d9822ee5ccefd744fbb3cb.jpg)
Systemic disorders of a neuromuscular type will be dealt with in a different chapter of the series. Following a brief examination of the force these muscles are required to exert in normal conditions, we review the pathophysiology of some characteristic alterations brought about by a) chest wall diseases such as kyphoscoliosis b) other diseases involving the bony structure of the chest wall such as ankylosing spondylitis and pectus excavatum and c) extreme obesity. The present article discusses the response of the respiratory muscles to mechanical overload. See moreĭiseases that constrict the skeletal structure of the chest wall and the spine with its articulations may interfere with the functional capacity of the diaphragmatic pump, facilitating the development of respiratory insufficiency and failure. The Journal expresses the voice of the Spanish Respiratory Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) as well as that of other scientific societies such as the Latin American Thoracic Society (ALAT) and the Iberian American Association of Thoracic Surgery (AICT).Īuthors are also welcome to submit their articles to the Journal's open access companion title, Open Respiratory Archives. Furthermore, the Journal is also present in Twitter and Facebook. Manuscripts will be submitted electronically using the following web site:, link which is also accessible through the main web page of Archivos de Bronconeumologia.Īccess to any published article, is possible through the Journal's web page as well as from PubMed, Science Direct, and other international databases. The Journal is published monthly in English. It is a monthly Journal that publishes a total of 12 issues and a few supplements, which contain articles belonging to the different sections.Īll the manuscripts received in the Journal are evaluated by the Editors and sent to expert peer-review while handled by the Editor and/or an Associate Editor from the team. Other types of articles such as reviews, editorials, a few special articles of interest to the society and the editorial board, scientific letters, letters to the Editor, and clinical images are also published in the Journal.
![muscles of inspiration muscles of inspiration](https://i.pinimg.com/originals/bb/69/62/bb69627121d12055c03b638d5edba0bd.jpg)
Archivos de Bronconeumologia is a scientific journal that preferentially publishes prospective original research articles whose content is based upon results dealing with several aspects of respiratory diseases such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinics, surgery, and basic investigation.